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Two dots above a letter9/17/2023 ![]() In the DMG romanization of Tunisian Arabic, ⟨ä⟩, ⟨ö⟩, ⟨ṏ⟩, ⟨ü⟩, and ⟨ṻ⟩ represent, ,, , and.In the Basque dialect of Soule, ⟨ü⟩ represents. ![]() In Aymara, a double dot is used on ⟨ä⟩ ⟨ï⟩ ⟨ü⟩ for vowel length.In Albanian, Tagalog, and Kashubian, ⟨ë⟩ represents a schwa. ![]() The IPA uses a double dot below a letter to indicate breathy (murmured) voice. In other languages it is used for vowel length, nasalization, tone, and various other uses where diaeresis or umlaut was available typographically. In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a double dot above a letter is used for a centralized vowel, a situation more similar to umlaut than to diaeresis. Similarly the " metal umlaut" is a diacritic that is sometimes used gratuitously or decoratively over letters in the names of hard rock or heavy metal bands – for example, those of Motörhead and Mötley Crüe, and of parody bands, such as Spın̈al Tap.Ī double dot is also used as a diacritic in cases where it functions as neither a diaeresis nor an umlaut. For example, the Brontë family, whose surname was derived from gaelic and had been anglicised as "Prunty", or "Brunty": At some point, the father of the sisters, Patrick Brontë (born Brunty), decided on the alternative spelling with a diaeresis diacritic over the terminal ⟨e⟩ to indicate that the name had two syllables. ![]() The two dot diacritic is also sometimes used for purely stylistic reasons. It is a specific phenomenon in German and other Germanic languages, affecting the graphemes ⟨a⟩, ⟨o⟩, ⟨u⟩ and ⟨au⟩, which are modified to ⟨ ä⟩, ⟨ ö⟩, ⟨ ü⟩ and ⟨äu⟩. The "umlaut" diacritic indicates a sound shift phenomenon – also known as umlaut – in which a back vowel becomes a front vowel. ![]()
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